Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Sukorame Kota Kediri
Abstract
Abstract
Proper nutrition during pregnancy plays a vital role in maintaining stable blood glucose levels and preventing gestational diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and blood glucose levels in pregnant women. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted over two months at Sukorame Public Health Center in Kediri City. A total of 45 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters were selected using consecutive sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour food recall method and compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Blood glucose levels were measured two hours postprandially using a glucometer. The majority of participants had normal dietary intake and normal blood glucose levels. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton test revealed a statistically significant association between dietary patterns and blood glucose levels (p = 0.021), with a Cramér’s V value of 0.502, indicating a moderate strength of association. These findings underscore the importance of balanced energy intake in regulating blood glucose during pregnancy. Therefore, enhancing nutritional education for pregnant women is strongly recommended, and future research should consider additional variables such as body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and stress factors.
References
[1] Kundarti, F. I., Rahayu, D. E., & Utami, R. (2017). Efektifitas pemberian serbuk jahe (Zingiber officinale) terhadap tingkatan mual muntah pada ibu hamil. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 4(1), 18–30. https://doi.org/10.32831/jik.v4i1.70.
[2] Rahmawati, R. S. N. (2017). The relation between implementation of the third-trimester pregnancy exercise and the duration of second stage childbirth. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 6(4), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0604044347
[3] Kusumasari, F., Rahayu, D. E., & Hardjito, K. (2024). Hubungan stres kehamilan dengan terjadinya hipertensi dalam kehamilan: A systematic review. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 4(1), 28–34.
[4] Haruna, S. R., Rosnania, R., S’Palayukan, S., & Bubun, J. (2025). Potret gaya hidup ibu hamil bebas diabetes gestasional di Puskesmas Bangkala Kota Makassar. Jurnal Berita Kesehatan, 18(1), 58–64.
[5] Eades, C. E., Burrows, K. A., Andreeva, R., Stansfield, D. R., & Evans, J. Mm. (2024). Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes In The United States And Canada: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 24, 204.
[6] Wahyuni, N. I., Sukmawati, & Ekayanti. (2021). Pengembangan pengetahuan pada ibu hamil tentang Diabetes Melitus Gestasional (DMG) melalui konseling di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanralili. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 6(4).
[7] Kemenkes. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2023. Surabaya: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur.
[8] Kurniawan, L. B. (2016). Patoisiologi, Skrining, Dan Diagnosis Laboratorium Diabetes Melitus Gestasional. 43(11).
[9] Adli, F. K. (2021). Diabetes Melitus Gestasional: Diagnosis Dan Faktor Risiko. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(01 Oktober), Article 01 Oktober.
[10] Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., et al. (2022). The Importance Of Nutrition In Pregnancy And Lactation: Lifelong Consequences. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632.
[11] Sitorus, R. S., & Nurhayati, E. L. (2022). Gambaran Pola Makan Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 10(1), 121. Https://Doi.Org/10.26714/Jkj.10.1.2022.121-126.
[12] Sulistianingsih, E. T., Ekasari, T., & Ermawati, I. (2024). Hubungan Pola Makan Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik (Kek) Pada Trimester Pertama Di Desa Jambesari. Trilogi: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 268–279. Https://Doi.Org/10.33650/Trilogi.V5i2.8606
[13] Pebrina, M., Fernando, F., & Fransisca, D. (2021). Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil. 12.
[14] Qiu, X., Zhang, S., Zhuang, Q., & Liu, L. (2020). Maternal age and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 636.
[15] Wright, D., Syngelaki, A., Akolekar, R., Poon, L. C., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2018). Competing risks model in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(5), 515.e1–515.e10.
[16] Iswahyuni, F. (2019). Deskripsi Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional di Poli Kandungan RSD Kalisat Jember. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan.
[17] Aspilayuli, A., Suhartatik, S., & Mato, R. (2023). Literature review: Faktor yang mempengaruhi diabetes mellitus gestasional. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan (JIMPK), 3(4), 111–120.
[18] Imamah, I. C., & Niken, S. D. K. (2017). Gambaran Karakteristik Ibu. HIGEIA Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 1(4).
[19] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI. Diakses dari https://stunting.go.id/kemenkes-permenkes-no-28-tahun-2019-angka-kecukupan-gizi-yang-dianjurkan/
[20] Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., et al. (2022). The Importance Of Nutrition In Pregnancy And Lactation: Lifelong Consequences. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ajog.2021.12.035
[21] Anita, S., Bancin, D. R., Sitorus, F., & Juniarsih. (2021). Pola makan ibu hamil dan keterkaitannya dengan kejadian BBLR di Klinik Niar Kecamatan Patumbak Deli Serdang. Jurnal Health Reproductive, 6(1), http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/JRH
[22] Daniella, A., Triawanti, & Fatmaria. (2021). Hubungan antara pola makan ibu hamil dengan penambahan berat badan dan kadar hemoglobin trimester II di Puskesmas Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya tahun 2018. Jurnal Kedokteran, 9(1)
[23] Mulyani, E. (2022). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pola Konsumsi Pada Ibu Hamil. IJMT: Jurnal Kebidanan. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery Today, 1(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijmt.v2i1.3808
[24] World Health Organization. (2013). Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy (WHO/NMH/MND/13.2). Geneva: WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/85975
[25] Shoshan, N., Mizrachi, Y., Tamayev, L., Ben-Ari, T., Weiner, E., & Barda, G. (2024). Does the timing of postprandial glucose monitoring affect the obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes? A prospective study comparing 1- and 2-h postprandial monitoring. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 311(4), 983–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07803-9
[26] Milani, N., Safari Ghalezou, M., Farkhani, E. M., Vakili, V., Mazloum Khorasani, Z., & Kabiri, M. (2023). Assessment of neonatal and maternal complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the Iranian population. Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest), 19(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.4183/aeb.2023.59
[27] Ornoy, A., Becker, M., Weinstein-Fudim, L., & Ergaz, Z. (2021). Diabetes during pregnancy: A maternal disease complicating the course of pregnancy with long-term deleterious effects on the offspring. A clinical review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(6), 2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062965
[28] Lin, Q., Zhang, Z., Meng, Q., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, C., Wang, G., Qin, P., & Bo, Q. (2023). Effects of different dietary patterns during pregnancy on birth outcomes and glucose parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary Care Diabetes, 17(4), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2023.04.004689–695.
[29] Tajudin, T., Utami, T. F. Y., & Iftihani, N. F. (2022). Hubungan pola makan tinggi kalori terhadap kadar glukosa pada diabetes melitus tipe II pasien Prolanis di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Program Studi S1 Farmasi, 2, 158–165. Universitas Al-Irsyad, Cilacap.
[30] Montororing, M. A., Darwis, D., & Dewi, I. (2024). Hubungan antara pola makan dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. JIMPK: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 4(4), 17–25.
[31] Rasmussen, L., Poulsen, C. W., Kampmann, U., Smedegaard, S. B., Ovesen, P. G., & Fuglsang, J. (2020). Diet and healthy lifestyle in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrients, 12(10), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103050
[32] Zadeh, S. H., Boffetta, P., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2020). Dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 36, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.02.009
[2] Rahmawati, R. S. N. (2017). The relation between implementation of the third-trimester pregnancy exercise and the duration of second stage childbirth. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 6(4), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0604044347
[3] Kusumasari, F., Rahayu, D. E., & Hardjito, K. (2024). Hubungan stres kehamilan dengan terjadinya hipertensi dalam kehamilan: A systematic review. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 4(1), 28–34.
[4] Haruna, S. R., Rosnania, R., S’Palayukan, S., & Bubun, J. (2025). Potret gaya hidup ibu hamil bebas diabetes gestasional di Puskesmas Bangkala Kota Makassar. Jurnal Berita Kesehatan, 18(1), 58–64.
[5] Eades, C. E., Burrows, K. A., Andreeva, R., Stansfield, D. R., & Evans, J. Mm. (2024). Prevalence Of Gestational Diabetes In The United States And Canada: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 24, 204.
[6] Wahyuni, N. I., Sukmawati, & Ekayanti. (2021). Pengembangan pengetahuan pada ibu hamil tentang Diabetes Melitus Gestasional (DMG) melalui konseling di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanralili. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 6(4).
[7] Kemenkes. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2023. Surabaya: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur.
[8] Kurniawan, L. B. (2016). Patoisiologi, Skrining, Dan Diagnosis Laboratorium Diabetes Melitus Gestasional. 43(11).
[9] Adli, F. K. (2021). Diabetes Melitus Gestasional: Diagnosis Dan Faktor Risiko. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(01 Oktober), Article 01 Oktober.
[10] Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., et al. (2022). The Importance Of Nutrition In Pregnancy And Lactation: Lifelong Consequences. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632.
[11] Sitorus, R. S., & Nurhayati, E. L. (2022). Gambaran Pola Makan Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 10(1), 121. Https://Doi.Org/10.26714/Jkj.10.1.2022.121-126.
[12] Sulistianingsih, E. T., Ekasari, T., & Ermawati, I. (2024). Hubungan Pola Makan Ibu Hamil Dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik (Kek) Pada Trimester Pertama Di Desa Jambesari. Trilogi: Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi, Kesehatan, Dan Humaniora, 5(2), 268–279. Https://Doi.Org/10.33650/Trilogi.V5i2.8606
[13] Pebrina, M., Fernando, F., & Fransisca, D. (2021). Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil. 12.
[14] Qiu, X., Zhang, S., Zhuang, Q., & Liu, L. (2020). Maternal age and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 636.
[15] Wright, D., Syngelaki, A., Akolekar, R., Poon, L. C., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2018). Competing risks model in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218(5), 515.e1–515.e10.
[16] Iswahyuni, F. (2019). Deskripsi Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional di Poli Kandungan RSD Kalisat Jember. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan.
[17] Aspilayuli, A., Suhartatik, S., & Mato, R. (2023). Literature review: Faktor yang mempengaruhi diabetes mellitus gestasional. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan (JIMPK), 3(4), 111–120.
[18] Imamah, I. C., & Niken, S. D. K. (2017). Gambaran Karakteristik Ibu. HIGEIA Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 1(4).
[19] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI. Diakses dari https://stunting.go.id/kemenkes-permenkes-no-28-tahun-2019-angka-kecukupan-gizi-yang-dianjurkan/
[20] Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., et al. (2022). The Importance Of Nutrition In Pregnancy And Lactation: Lifelong Consequences. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ajog.2021.12.035
[21] Anita, S., Bancin, D. R., Sitorus, F., & Juniarsih. (2021). Pola makan ibu hamil dan keterkaitannya dengan kejadian BBLR di Klinik Niar Kecamatan Patumbak Deli Serdang. Jurnal Health Reproductive, 6(1), http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/JRH
[22] Daniella, A., Triawanti, & Fatmaria. (2021). Hubungan antara pola makan ibu hamil dengan penambahan berat badan dan kadar hemoglobin trimester II di Puskesmas Pahandut Kota Palangka Raya tahun 2018. Jurnal Kedokteran, 9(1)
[23] Mulyani, E. (2022). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pola Konsumsi Pada Ibu Hamil. IJMT: Jurnal Kebidanan. Indonesian Journal of Midwifery Today, 1(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijmt.v2i1.3808
[24] World Health Organization. (2013). Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy (WHO/NMH/MND/13.2). Geneva: WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/85975
[25] Shoshan, N., Mizrachi, Y., Tamayev, L., Ben-Ari, T., Weiner, E., & Barda, G. (2024). Does the timing of postprandial glucose monitoring affect the obstetric and neonatal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes? A prospective study comparing 1- and 2-h postprandial monitoring. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 311(4), 983–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-024-07803-9
[26] Milani, N., Safari Ghalezou, M., Farkhani, E. M., Vakili, V., Mazloum Khorasani, Z., & Kabiri, M. (2023). Assessment of neonatal and maternal complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the Iranian population. Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest), 19(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.4183/aeb.2023.59
[27] Ornoy, A., Becker, M., Weinstein-Fudim, L., & Ergaz, Z. (2021). Diabetes during pregnancy: A maternal disease complicating the course of pregnancy with long-term deleterious effects on the offspring. A clinical review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(6), 2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062965
[28] Lin, Q., Zhang, Z., Meng, Q., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, C., Wang, G., Qin, P., & Bo, Q. (2023). Effects of different dietary patterns during pregnancy on birth outcomes and glucose parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary Care Diabetes, 17(4), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2023.04.004689–695.
[29] Tajudin, T., Utami, T. F. Y., & Iftihani, N. F. (2022). Hubungan pola makan tinggi kalori terhadap kadar glukosa pada diabetes melitus tipe II pasien Prolanis di UPTD Puskesmas Cilacap Utara II. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Diseminasi Hasil Penelitian Program Studi S1 Farmasi, 2, 158–165. Universitas Al-Irsyad, Cilacap.
[30] Montororing, M. A., Darwis, D., & Dewi, I. (2024). Hubungan antara pola makan dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. JIMPK: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 4(4), 17–25.
[31] Rasmussen, L., Poulsen, C. W., Kampmann, U., Smedegaard, S. B., Ovesen, P. G., & Fuglsang, J. (2020). Diet and healthy lifestyle in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrients, 12(10), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103050
[32] Zadeh, S. H., Boffetta, P., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2020). Dietary patterns and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 36, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.02.009
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
CHARISMA, Frizka Dian et al.
Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Sukorame Kota Kediri.
JURNAL ILKES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan), [S.l.], v. 16, n. 2, p. 214-222, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2549-9408.
Available at: <https://ilkeskh.org/index.php/ilkes/article/view/440>. Date accessed: 02 may 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.35966/ilkes.v16i2.440.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
About the Journal
